Ruby Programming

This page contains some of my notes on Ruby programming... it is not intended as a 'Tutorial'
I have some scripts set up for easy command line testing, linked with Notepad++ like my regular tutorials... Get them here:
Download the Devtools


Bases

Decimal 100
0d100
Hexadecimal 0x1FF
Binary 0b10101010
Octal 0o1234567

Operators

Operatior 
Description Example
+ Add a + b will give 30
Subtract a - b will give -10
* Multiply a * b will give 200
/ Divide b / a will give 2
% Modulus − Get Remainder b % a will give 0
** Exponent − Power a**b will give 10 to the power 20
= Simple assignment operator, assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. c = a + b will assign the value of a + b into c
+= Add AND assignment operator, adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
-= Subtract AND assignment operator, subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
*= Multiply AND assignment operator, multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand. c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a
/= Divide AND assignment operator, divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand. c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a
%= Modulus AND assignment operator, takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand. c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a
**= Exponent AND assignment operator, performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand. c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a
= Simple assignment operator, assigns values from right side operands to left side operand. c = a + b will assign the value of a + b into c
+= Add AND assignment operator, adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand. c += a is equivalent to c = c + a
-= Subtract AND assignment operator, subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand. c -= a is equivalent to c = c - a
== Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. (a == b) is not true.
=== Used to test equality within a when clause of a case statement. (1...10) === 5 returns true.
!= Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. (a != b) is true.
> Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (a > b) is not true.
< Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (a < b) is true.
>= Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (a >= b) is not true.
<= Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. (a <= b) is true.
<=> Combined comparison operator. Returns 0 if first operand equals second, 1 if first operand is greater than the second and -1 if first operand is less than the second. (a <=> b) returns -1.
.eql? True if the receiver and argument have both the same type and equal values. 1 == 1.0 returns true, but 1.eql?(1.0) is false.
equal? True if the receiver and argument have the same object id. if aObj is duplicate of bObj then aObj == bObj is true, a.equal?bObj is false but a.equal?aObj is true.
=> Hashmap literal definition key1 => value1
& Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. (a & b) will give 12, which is 0000 1100
| Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. (a | b) will give 61, which is 0011 1101
^ Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. (a ^ b) will give 49, which is 0011 0001
~ Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. (~a ) will give -61, which is 1100 0011 in 2's complement form due to a signed binary number.
<< Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. a << 2 will give 240, which is 1111 0000
>> Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. a >> 2 will give 15, which is 0000 1111
? : Conditional Expression If Condition is true ? Then value X : Otherwise value Y
.. Creates a range from start point to end point inclusive. 1..10 Creates a range from 1 to 10 inclusive.
... Creates a range from start point to end point exclusive. 1...10 Creates a range from 1 to 9.
=~ matches a String against a regular expression, returns the position/index if found else nil "Hello World" =~ /Wo/
!~ 'Does not contain� "Hello World" !~ /Mo/




Notes

Print Hello World puts "Hello World!"
Print Character putc "!"
String concatenation str = "Billy" + " Bob"
Rem statement # puts "don't show this"
Multiple commands on one line test ="hello"; puts test
Comma in numbers 10,000 test =10_000;puts test
Using Quotes in strings puts "Quote: \"!"
puts %(Quote: "!)
Get user input name=gets
puts "Hello "+name
Remove a newline name=gets.chomp
Print variable puts "value = #{var}"
puts "value = " + var
v= var.to_s
Loop for i in 0..5
    puts i
end
Loop [1,2].each do |i|
  puts i
end
Loop Break for i in 0..10
    if i==5
        break
    end
    puts i
end
Loop Next
While i = 1
while i<=3 do
  puts i; i+=1
end
until begin
i+=1
end until i>4
Break while i  = 0
while true do
  puts i;   i+= 1
  break if i>5
end
If if var<3
    puts "Low"
elsif var<10
    puts "Mid"
else
    puts "High"
end
If Not unless 2==1
  puts 'Not True'
end
case case var
when 1
    puts "one"
when 2..4
    puts "2/3/4"
else
    puts "something"
end
function with arg def myfunc(param = "default",param2=123t)
end

myfunc(1,2)
Return a value def test
    return "Hello World"
end
def test2
    "Goodbye cruel world"
end
 
puts test
puts test2
set multiple objects to the same object a=b=c
create identifier as symbol object :name
Run a program Load "File.rb"
NULL / Empty object nil
INC / DEC V+=1
V-=1
Convert object to string to_s
convert integer to float
convert string to integer
9 / 5.to_f
"7".to_i
New object A= MyObj.new
Class definition class MyObj
  def initialize(name)
    @myname=name
    puts "Created "+name
  end
end

o = MyObj.new("Test")
function of the class #in MyObj
  def myname
    return @myname
  end

puts "My Name is "+o.myname
Local (instance var) @var
Class Var
(Shared across all instances of class)
class MyObj
  def initialize(name)
    @@myname=name
    puts "Created "+name
  end
  def name ;   return @@myname ;  end
end
o = MyObj.new("Test1") ; p = MyObj.new("Test2")
puts o.name ; puts p.name
Module
(Prevents namespace clashes)
module MyMod
    MyVar="Test"
end
puts MyMod::MyVar
Include file
(for modules)
require "/sources/mymod.rb"
puts MyMod::MyVar
Global var $myglobal=1
Constant
(upper case first letter
Const=1
Current object self
Random
Psuedorandom
rand
srand
File load File.open("testfile.txt") do |f|
    lines=f.readlines
    lines.each do |l|
        puts l
    end
end
Substring (mid) test="<<<Hello>>>"
puts test[3...8]
puts test[-3,3]
Length,
Uppercase
Lowercase
puts test.length
puts test.upcase
puts test.downcase
contains Instr puts test =~ /llo/
Multiline string definition str = <<TEST
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
TEST
puts str
2D Array box=Array.new(3){ Array.new(3,'-') }
box[0][0]="["; box[0][2]="["; box[2][0]="]"; box[2][2]="]"
for y in 0..2
    for x in 0..2 ; putc box[x][y] ; end
    puts ""
end
Paralell assignment black,white=0,255